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1.
Acta Trop ; 225: 106157, 2022 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34634265

RESUMO

The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) has defined Chagas Disease hotspots in Central America associated with the vector Triatoma spp. Triatoma dimidiata is a native vector adapted to multiple environments, including intra-domestic and peri-domestic habitats. A multi-institutional project named "Alliances for the elimination of Chagas in Central America" was created to help reduce the incidence of the disease in the region. Activities performed in the field as part of the project included aspects of vector surveillance and control, improvement of houses, diagnosis and treatment of individuals, health promotion, training of human resources and identification of access barriers to diagnosis and treatment. As a base line study, eleven villages, comprised of 1,572 households, were entomologically evaluated (83.4% overall participation); five were found to have very high infestation rates (>20%), three had high infestation rates (8-20%) and three had low-infestation rates (<8%), coinciding with the category of infestation-risk of the houses within each village. Serological tests were carried out in 812 people (>80% participation) in two of the 11 villages and none of the 128 children tested, less than 5 years of age, were positive for Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Community participation in all the activities was high (>70%). The collaboration between several subnational, national, and international institutions, each with specific roles, promoted community participation in the activities of vector control and patient care, thus, establishing a baseline to continue implementing and monitoring project progress.


Assuntos
Doença de Chagas , Triatoma , Trypanosoma cruzi , Animais , Doença de Chagas/diagnóstico , Doença de Chagas/epidemiologia , Doença de Chagas/prevenção & controle , Criança , Guatemala/epidemiologia , Humanos , Controle de Insetos , Insetos Vetores , Saúde Pública
2.
Cienc. tecnol. salud ; 8(1): 82-92, 2021. il 27 c
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, DIGIUSAC, LIGCSA | ID: biblio-1352960

RESUMO

Se determinó la respuesta inmunológica a proteínas recombinantes de Helicobacter pylori en pacientes dis-pépticos (adultos y niños), pacientes con cáncer gástrico y sus familiares asintomáticos adultos viviendo con ellos. Se utilizó la prueba recomLine® Helicobacter IgG e IgA, y con base en el reconocimiento de los factores de virulencia VacA y CagA se determinó si la cepa de H. pylori era de tipo I o II. El análisis de los datos fue descriptivo y analítico y se estimaron los intervalos de confianza de 95%, con un nivel de error de 0.05 y Odds ratio. El 58.7% (121/206) de los pacientes presentó la bacteria en tinción histológica de biopsia, positividad que disminuyó con la edad y daño histológico. La frecuencia de la respuesta a los anticuerpos IgG fue mayor que IgA, en ambos casos ésta fue menor en los niños. Las proteínas del H. pylori más reconocidas tanto por IgA como IgG fueron VacA y CagA, y la respuesta a las otras proteínas investigadas fue mayor al aumentar el daño histológi-co. La cepa tipo I fue la que predominó en la población en estudio con 66% (136/206). Se deben continuar con los estudios de prevalencia de la cepa tipo I del H. pylori y del reconocimiento de sus antígenos en la población guatemalteca a fin de determinar su utilidad en el diagnóstico y pronóstico de la infección.


The immune response to recombinant Helicobacter pylori proteins was determined in dyspeptic patients (adults and children), patients with gastric cancer and their asymptomatic adults' relatives living with them. The recomLine® Helicobacter IgG and IgA test was used and based on the recognition of the virulence factors VacA and CagA, it was determined whether the H. pylori strain was type I or II. The data analysis was descriptive and analytic, and 95% confidence intervals were estimated, with an error level of 0.05, and Odds ratio. The patients that presented the bacterium in histological biopsy were 58.7% (121/206), positivity that decreased with age and histological damage. The frecuency of response to IgG antibodies was higher than IgA, in both cases it was lower in children. VacA and CagA were the H. pylori proteins most recognized by both IgA and IgG and it was observed that the number of recognized proteins was greater with increasing histological damage. The type I strain was the one that predominated in the study population 66% (136/206). Prevalence studies of the type I strain of H. pylori ant the recognition of its antigens in the Guatemalan population should continue in order to determine its usefulness in the diagnosis and prognosis of infection.


Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Adulto , Neoplasias Gástricas/imunologia , Imunoglobulina A/imunologia , Imunoglobulina G/imunologia , Helicobacter pylori/imunologia , Dispepsia/imunologia , Neoplasias Gástricas/microbiologia , Neoplasias Gástricas/patologia , Biópsia , Proteínas Recombinantes/análise , Proteínas Recombinantes/imunologia , Imunoglobulina A/análise , Imunoglobulina G/análise , Helicobacter pylori/isolamento & purificação , Helicobacter pylori/patogenicidade , Dispepsia/microbiologia , Dispepsia/patologia , Guatemala
3.
Breastfeed Med ; 12(7): 443-445, 2017 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28742378

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Human milk immune components are unique and important for the development of the newborn. Milk processing at the Human Milk Banks (HMB), however, causes partial destruction of immune proteins. The objective of this study was to determine the effects that heating during the milk processing procedure at the HMB had on the concentrations of IgA, IgM, and lactoferrin at three critical points in time. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty milk samples (150 mL) were collected from voluntary donors at the HMB at the Hospital Nacional Pedro de Bethancourt, located in Antigua Guatemala. Samples from three critical points in time during the milk processing procedure were selected for analysis: freezing/thawing I, freezing/thawing II, and pasteurization. IgA, IgM, and lactoferrin concentrations were determined during each critical point and compared with a baseline concentration. RESULTS: After milk processing, IgA, IgM, and lactoferrin mean concentrations were reduced by 30.0%, 36.0%, and 70.0%, respectively (p < 0.001). Reduction of biological activity was mainly attributed to pasteurization for IgA and lactoferrin (p < 0.001); the first freezing/thawing processes before pasteurization showed no significant reduction difference between mean concentrations of IgA (p = 0.160) and lactoferrin (p = 0.345) but showed a significant effect on IgM concentration (p = 0.016), and the second freezing/thawing procedure only showed a significant effect on IgA (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The effects of milk processing on the immune proteins that were evaluated in this study demonstrated a significant reduction.


Assuntos
Conservação de Alimentos/métodos , Imunoglobulina A/análise , Imunoglobulina M/análise , Lactoferrina/análise , Bancos de Leite Humano , Leite Humano/química , Feminino , Congelamento , Humanos , Valor Nutritivo , Pasteurização
4.
Rev. cient. (Guatem.) ; 25(2): [30]-[42], Noviembre 2015.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-883361

RESUMO

Con el fin de determinar la prueba no invasiva más sensible y específica para el diagnóstico de la infección por Helicobacter pylori y confirmar su erradicación post-tratamiento, se estudiaron prospectivamente 178 pacientes con dispepsia que acudieron a la clínica de endoscopía del Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCAN). A todos se les realizó la detección de antígeno fecal a través de una prueba inmunocromatográfìca comercial (Anarapid®) y un panel de pruebas serológicas que incluyó anticuerpos IgM, IgA, IgG CagA anti-H. pylori por medio de método inmunoenzimático (ELISA). Dichas pruebas se evaluaron estadísticamente para determinar su sensibilidad, especificidad y concordancia (índice kappa) comparando con el resultado de la biopsia, el cual fue considerado el estándar de oro. Así mismo se realizaron pruebas enzimáticas (Pepsinógeno I y II) para evaluar la integridad de la mucosa gástrica y se determinó su asociación con la sintomatología, según la prueba de Ji cuadrado. La detección de anticuerpos IgA anti-H. pylori presentó la mayor sensibilidad (74.2%) y la prueba de antígeno fecal la mayor especificidad (69.9%), respecto a las demás pruebas. Sesenta y tres pacientes diagnosticados con infección por H. pylori en la etapa inicial recibieron tratamiento específico y se les dio seguimiento por 5 meses para evaluar los cambios en la sintomatología. Al finalizar los cinco meses se les realizó el mismo panel de pruebas, observándose que en la mayoría de los pacientes los valores de pepsinógeno I y II se encontraron dentro del rango normal. En la evaluación post-tratamiento el índice de pepsinógeno I/II se normalizó en 24.86% de los pacientes y se incrementó el número de pacientes asintomáticos de 1.6% a 34.9%, lo cual demostró la eficacia del tratamiento. El antígeno fecal y anticuerpos IgA contra H. pylori en conjunto son las pruebas recomendadas para hacer el diagnóstico de la infección pre-tratamiento, mientras que en la fase post- tratamiento la prueba que demostró el éxito terapéutico es el antígeno fecal. Para la mayoría de la población de este estudio los valores de pepsinógeno I y II se encontraron en el rango normal, lo cual es indicativo de que sufren de una dispepsia funcional u otra enfermedad que no afecta la mucosa gástrica. Se hace además necesario continuar con los estudios de la utilidad de la determinación de pepsinógeno I /II y su asociación con el riesgo a desarrollar cáncer gástrico.


With the objective to determine a non-invasive most sensible and specific test for the diagnosis of H. pylori infection and confirming eradication after treatment, 178 patients with dyspepsia were prospectively studied during treatment at the Endoscopy clinic of the National Cancer Institute (INCAN). They underwent fecal antigen detection using a commercial immunoassay (Anarapid ®) technique and a panel of serological tests that included IgM, IgA, IgG (CagA) anti-H. pylori by immunosorbent assay (ELISA). These tests were statistically evaluated through 2x2 contingency tables (Kappa index) comparing with the biopsy results, which is considered the gold standard. Likewise enzyme assays were performed (Pepsinogen I and II) to assess the integrity of the gastric mucosa and determined its correlation with symptoms according to chi-square test. Findings indicate that the detection of IgA anti-H. pylori had the highest sensitivity (74.2%) and the fecal antigen test had the highest specificity (69.9%) compared to the other tests. Sixty three patients diagnosed with initial stage H. pylori infection received specific treatment and were followed for 5 months to evaluate changes. At the end of five months of specific treatment, the same test panel was gathered. Results showed that in most patients values pepsinogen I and II were within normal range. In post-treatment evaluation the rate of pepsinogen I / II was normalized in 24.86% of patients and the number of asymptomatic patients increased from 1.1% to 30.99%, which demonstrated the efficacy of treatment. Results show that fecal antigen and IgA antibody against H. pylori tests are together the recommended tests for diagnosis of pre-treatment infection, whereas in the post-treatment phase, the fecal antigen test demonstrated therapeutic success. Values of pepsinogen I and II were in the normal range for the majority of the study population, which is indicative of suffering from functional dyspepsia or another disease that affects the gastric mucosa. It is further necessary to continue studies of the usefulness of the determination of pepsinogen I / II and its association with the risk of developing gastric cancer

5.
Rev. cient. (Guatem.) ; 21(2): 49-55, 2012. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-655680

RESUMO

Helicobacter pylori es una bacteria que afecta a la mayoría de la población puede ser fecal-oral, oral-oral, causando síntomas inespeccíficos que dificultan su diagnóstico clínico. Con el objetivo de determinar el riesgo que representa la profesión en adquirir la infección por Helicobacter pylori, se realizó este estudio en 435 profesionales de salud (Químicos Biológos, Odontólogos, y Médicos). Se utilizó el método serológico ELISA, a través del cual se determinaron los anticuerpos IgG específicos, como indicador del contacto previo...


Assuntos
Anticorpos , Anticorpos Antibacterianos , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Helicobacter pylori , Imunoglobulina G
6.
Rev. cient. (Guatem.) ; 20(1): 96-101, 2011.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-655673

RESUMO

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) es una bacteria que se ha relacionado con patologías como gastritis y cáncer de estómago. Su distribución es mundial, por lo que es importante informar a la población acerca de los factores de riesgo asociados así como las patologías relacionadas con esta infección. En este estudio, la presencia de anticuerpos IgG e IgM anti H pylori por el método de ELISA.


Assuntos
Humanos , Anticorpos , Gastrite , Helicobacter pylori , Imunoglobulina G , Imunoglobulina M , Receptores de IgG , Neoplasias Gástricas
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